From 1790 to 1810, war between France and Britain raged on the seas and in Europe. The young United States, struggling to develop a strategy toward a revolution taking place just off its shores, watched with dismay as its trading partner Haiti— a center of French colonial profit—exploded in a rebellion led by former slave Toussaint L’Ouverture. In “Toussaint’s Clause,” Brown outlines the Founding Fathers’ crisis over Haiti and their rancorous struggle, which often cut to the core of what Americans meant by revolution and liberty. During 35 years in the Foreign Service, Brown served mainly in the Middle East and North Africa, including assignments as Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf’s political adviser during the first Gulf War and ambassador to Mauritania. He is the author of “The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily” (McFarland, 2003).
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